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The Indian
Army is the land-based branchand the largest
component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of
India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and
it is commanded by the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is
a four-star general. Two officers have been conferred with
the rank of field marshal, a five-star rank, which is a
ceremonial position of great honour. The Indian Army originated from
the armies of the East India Company, which eventually became
the British Indian Army, and the armies of the princely states,
which finally became the national army after independence. The
units and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories and
have participated in a number of battles and campaigns across the
world, earning a large number of battle and theatre honours
before and after Independence.
The
primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure national
security and national unity, defending the nation from
external aggression and internal threats, and maintaining peace and
security within its borders. It conducts humanitarian rescue
operations during natural calamities and other disturbances,
like Operation Surya Hope, and can also be requisitioned by the
government to cope with internal threats. It is a major component of
national power alongside the Indian Navy and the Indian
Air Force.[8] The army has been involved in four wars with
neighbouring Pakistan and one with China. Other major operations
undertaken by the army include: Operation Vijay, Operation
Meghdoot and Operation Cactus. Apart from conflicts, the
army has conducted large peace time exercises like Operation
Brasstacks and Exercise Shoorveer, and it has also been an
active participant in numerous United Nations peacekeeping
missions including those in: Cyprus, Lebanon, Congo, Angola,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Namibia, El Salvador, Liberia, Mozambique and
Somalia.
The
Indian Army has a regimental system, but is operationally and
geographically divided into seven commands, with the basic field
formation being a division. It is an all-volunteer
force and comprises more than 80% of the country's active
defence personnel. It is the 2nd largest standing army in
the world, with active troops and 960,000 reserve troops.nThe army
has embarked on an infantry modernisation program known as Futuristic
Infantry Soldier As a System (F-INSAS), and is also upgrading and
acquiring new assets for its armoured, artillery and aviation
branches
Personnel Edit:-
The
Indian Army is a voluntary service, and although a provision for
military conscriptionexists in the Indian constitution, it
has never been imposed. As of 1 July 2017, the Indian Army
has a sanctioned strength of 49,932 officers (42,253 serving with
7,679 under strength), and 1,215,049 enlisted personnel (1,194,864
serving with 20,185 under strength).[9][10] Recently, it has
been proposed to enhance the strength of the army by more than 90,000
to counter the increasing presence of Chinese troops along the Line
of Actual Control. According to the International Institute for
Strategic Studies, in 2017 the army had a strength of 1,200,000
active personnel and 960,000 reserve personnel. Of those in reserve,
300,000 are first-line reserve (within 5 years of service), 500,000
are committed till the age of 50 and 160,000 were in the Indian
Territorial Army, with 40,000 in regular establishment. This makes
the Indian Army the world's largest standing volunteer army.
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